Jonathan

Jonathan is a David's compatriot living at the time of the united monarchy, from the tribe of Benjamin. He is named in 82 verses of the Bible, first in 1 Samuel 13:2.

Family

Verses

1 Samuel

• 1 Samuel 13:2
  Saul chose him three thousand men of Israel; whereof two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in mount Beth–el, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the people he sent every man to his tent.He chose for himself three thousand men of Israel: Two thousand were with Saul at Michmash and in the hill country of Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin. And the rest of the troops he sent away, each to his own home.
• 1 Samuel 13:3
  And Jonathan smote the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, Let the Hebrews hear.Then Jonathan attacked the Philistine outpost at Geba, and the Philistines heard about it. So Saul blew the ram’s horn throughout the land, saying, “Let the Hebrews hear!”
• 1 Samuel 13:16
  And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeah of Benjamin: but the Philistines encamped in Michmash.Now Saul and Jonathan his son and the troops with them were staying in Geba of Benjamin, while the Philistines camped at Michmash.
• 1 Samuel 13:22
  So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people that were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found.So on the day of battle not a sword or spear could be found in the hands of the troops with Saul and Jonathan; only Saul and his son Jonathan had weapons.
• 1 Samuel 14:1
  Now it came to pass upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over to the Philistines’ garrison, that is on the other side. But he told not his father.One day Jonathan son of Saul said to the young man bearing his armor, “Come, let us cross over to the Philistine outpost on the other side.” But Jonathan did not tell his father.
• 1 Samuel 14:3
  And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, I–chabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the Lord’s priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.including Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh. But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.
• 1 Samuel 14:4
  And between the passages, by which Jonathan sought to go over unto the Philistines’ garrison, there was a sharp rock on the one side, and a sharp rock on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.Now there were cliffs on both sides of the pass that Jonathan intended to cross to reach the Philistine outpost. One was named Bozez and the other Seneh.
• 1 Samuel 14:6
  And Jonathan said to the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised: it may be that the Lord will work for us: for there is no restraint to the Lord to save by many or by few.Jonathan said to the young man bearing his armor, “Come, let us cross over to the outpost of these uncircumcised men. Perhaps the LORD will work on our behalf. Nothing can hinder the LORD from saving, whether by many or by few.”
• 1 Samuel 14:8
  Then said Jonathan, Behold, we will pass over unto these men, and we will discover ourselves unto them.“Very well,” said Jonathan, “we will cross over toward these men and show ourselves to them.
• 1 Samuel 14:12
  And the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armourbearer, and said, Come up to us, and we will shew you a thing. And Jonathan said unto his armourbearer, Come up after me: for the Lord hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.So the men of the outpost called out to Jonathan and his armor-bearer, “Come on up, and we will teach you a lesson!” “Follow me,” Jonathan told his armor-bearer, “for the LORD has delivered them into the hand of Israel.”
• 1 Samuel 14:13
  And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armourbearer after him: and they fell before Jonathan; and his armourbearer slew after him.So Jonathan climbed up on his hands and feet, with his armor-bearer behind him. And the Philistines fell before Jonathan, and his armor-bearer followed and finished them off.
• 1 Samuel 14:14
  And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armourbearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow.In that first assault, Jonathan and his armor-bearer struck down about twenty men over half an acre of land.
• 1 Samuel 14:17
  Then said Saul unto the people that were with him, Number now, and see who is gone from us. And when they had numbered, behold, Jonathan and his armourbearer were not there.Saul said to the troops who were with him, “Call the roll and see who has left us.” And when they had called the roll, they saw that Jonathan and his armor-bearer were not there.
• 1 Samuel 14:21
  Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time, which went up with them into the camp from the country round about, even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.And the Hebrews who had previously gone up into the surrounding camps of the Philistines now went over to the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan.
• 1 Samuel 14:27
  But Jonathan heard not when his father charged the people with the oath: wherefore he put forth the end of the rod that was in his hand, and dipped it in an honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes were enlightened.Jonathan, however, had not heard that his father had charged the people with the oath. So he reached out the end of the staff in his hand, dipped it into the honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes brightened.
• 1 Samuel 14:29
  Then said Jonathan, My father hath troubled the land: see, I pray you, how mine eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a little of this honey.“My father has brought trouble to the land,” Jonathan replied. “Just look at how my eyes have brightened because I tasted a little of this honey.
• 1 Samuel 14:39
  For, as the Lord liveth, which saveth Israel, though it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die. But there was not a man among all the people that answered him.As surely as the LORD who saves Israel lives, even if it is my son Jonathan, he must die!” But not one of the troops said a word.
• 1 Samuel 14:40
  Then said he unto all Israel, Be ye on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side. And the people said unto Saul, Do what seemeth good unto thee.Then Saul said to all Israel, “You stand on one side, and I and my son Jonathan will stand on the other side.” “Do what seems good to you,” the troops replied.
• 1 Samuel 14:41
  Therefore Saul said unto the Lord God of Israel, Give a perfect lot. And Saul and Jonathan were taken: but the people escaped.So Saul said to the LORD, the God of Israel, “Why have You not answered Your servant this day? If the fault is with me or my son Jonathan, respond with Urim; but if the fault is with the men of Israel, respond with Thummim.” And Jonathan and Saul were selected, but the people were cleared of the charge.
• 1 Samuel 14:42
  And Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken.Then Saul said, “Cast the lot between me and my son Jonathan.” And Jonathan was selected.
• 1 Samuel 14:43
  Then Saul said to Jonathan, Tell me what thou hast done. And Jonathan told him, and said, I did but taste a little honey with the end of the rod that was in mine hand, and, lo, I must die.“Tell me what you have done,” Saul commanded him. So Jonathan told him, “I only tasted a little honey with the end of the staff that was in my hand. And now I must die?”
• 1 Samuel 14:44
  And Saul answered, God do so and more also: for thou shalt surely die, Jonathan.And Saul declared, “May God punish me, and ever so severely, if you, Jonathan, do not surely die!”
• 1 Samuel 14:45
  And the people said unto Saul, Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought this great salvation in Israel? God forbid: as the Lord liveth, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for he hath wrought with God this day. So the people rescued Jonathan, that he died not.But the people said to Saul, “Must Jonathan die—he who accomplished such a great deliverance for Israel? Never! As surely as the LORD lives, not a hair of his head will fall to the ground, for with God’s help he has accomplished this today.” So the people rescued Jonathan, and he did not die.
• 1 Samuel 14:49
  Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, and Ishui, and Melchi–shua: and the names of his two daughters were these; the name of the firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal:Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, Ishvi, and Malchishua. His two daughters were named Merab (his firstborn) and Michal (his younger daughter).
• 1 Samuel 18:1
  And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.After David had finished speaking with Saul, the souls of Jonathan and David were knit together, and Jonathan loved him as himself.
• 1 Samuel 18:3
  Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself.
• 1 Samuel 18:4
  And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle.And Jonathan removed the robe he was wearing and gave it to David, along with his tunic, his sword, his bow, and his belt.
• 1 Samuel 19:1
  And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David.Then Saul ordered his son Jonathan and all his servants to kill David. But Jonathan delighted greatly in David,
• 1 Samuel 19:2
  But Jonathan Saul’s son delighted much in David: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself:so he warned David, saying, “My father Saul intends to kill you. Be on your guard in the morning; find a secret place and hide there.
• 1 Samuel 19:4
  And Jonathan spake good of David unto Saul his father, and said unto him, Let not the king sin against his servant, against David; because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works have been to thee-ward very good:Then Jonathan spoke well of David to his father Saul and said to him, “The king should not sin against his servant David; he has not sinned against you. In fact, his actions have been highly beneficial to you.
• 1 Samuel 19:6
  And Saul hearkened unto the voice of Jonathan: and Saul sware, As the Lord liveth, he shall not be slain.Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan and swore an oath: “As surely as the LORD lives, David will not be put to death.”
• 1 Samuel 19:7
  And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan shewed him all those things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as in times past.So Jonathan summoned David and told him all these things. Then Jonathan brought David to Saul to serve him as he had before.
• 1 Samuel 20:1
  And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?Then David fled from Naioth in Ramah. He came to Jonathan and asked, “What have I done? What is my iniquity? How have I sinned against your father, that he wants to take my life?”
• 1 Samuel 20:3
  And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the Lord liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.But David again vowed, “Your father knows very well that I have found favor in your eyes, and he has said, ‘Jonathan must not know of this, or he will be grieved.’ As surely as the LORD lives and as you yourself live, there is but a step between me and death.”
• 1 Samuel 20:4
  Then said Jonathan unto David, Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I will even do it for thee.Then Jonathan said to David, “Whatever you desire, I will do for you.”
• 1 Samuel 20:5
  And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.So David told him, “Look, tomorrow is the New Moon, and I am supposed to dine with the king. Instead, let me go and hide in the field until the third evening from now.
• 1 Samuel 20:9
  And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee: for if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee?“Never!” Jonathan replied. “If I ever found out that my father had evil intentions against you, would I not tell you?”
• 1 Samuel 20:10
  Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly?Then David asked Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father answers you harshly?”
• 1 Samuel 20:11
  And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the field.“Come,” he replied, “let us go out to the field.” So the two of them went out into the field,
• 1 Samuel 20:12
  And Jonathan said unto David, O Lord God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, and shew it thee;and Jonathan said, “By the LORD, the God of Israel, I will sound out my father by this time tomorrow or the next day. If he is favorable toward you, will I not send for you and tell you?
• 1 Samuel 20:13
  The Lord do so and much more to Jonathan: but if it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace: and the Lord be with thee, as he hath been with my father.But if my father intends to bring evil on you, then may the LORD punish me, and ever so severely, if I do not tell you and send you on your way in safety. May the LORD be with you, just as He has been with my father.
• 1 Samuel 20:16
  So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the Lord even require it at the hand of David’s enemies.So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, “May the LORD hold David’s enemies accountable.”
• 1 Samuel 20:17
  And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul.And Jonathan had David reaffirm his vow out of love for him, for Jonathan loved David as he loved himself.
• 1 Samuel 20:18
  Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty.Then Jonathan said to David, “Tomorrow is the New Moon, and you will be missed if your seat is empty.
• 1 Samuel 20:25
  And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon a seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul’s side, and David’s place was empty.He sat in his usual place by the wall, opposite Jonathan and beside Abner, but David’s place was empty.
• 1 Samuel 20:27
  And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month, that David’s place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday, nor to day?But on the day after the New Moon, the second day, David’s place was still empty, and Saul asked his son Jonathan, “Why hasn’t the son of Jesse come to the meal either yesterday or today?”
• 1 Samuel 20:28
  And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth–lehem:Jonathan answered, “David urgently requested my permission to go to Bethlehem,
• 1 Samuel 20:30
  Then Saul’s anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother’s nakedness?Then Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse and rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the disgrace of the mother who bore you?
• 1 Samuel 20:32
  And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done?“Why must he be put to death?” Jonathan replied. “What has he done?”
• 1 Samuel 20:33
  And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David.Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan to kill him; so Jonathan knew that his father was determined to kill David.
• 1 Samuel 20:34
  So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger and did not eat any food that second day of the month, for he was grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David.
• 1 Samuel 20:35
  And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him.In the morning Jonathan went out to the field for the appointment with David, and a small boy was with him.
• 1 Samuel 20:37
  And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee?When the boy reached the place where Jonathan’s arrow had fallen, Jonathan called to him, “Isn’t the arrow beyond you?”
• 1 Samuel 20:38
  And Jonathan cried after the lad, Make speed, haste, stay not. And Jonathan’s lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.Then Jonathan cried out, “Hurry! Make haste! Do not delay!” So the boy picked up the arrow and returned to his master.
• 1 Samuel 20:39
  But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the matter.But the boy did not know anything; only Jonathan and David knew the arrangement.
• 1 Samuel 20:40
  And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city.Then Jonathan gave his equipment to the boy and said, “Go, take it back to the city.”
• 1 Samuel 20:42
  And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, saying, The Lord be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city.And Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, for the two of us have sworn in the name of the LORD, saying, ‘May the LORD be a witness between you and me, and between your descendants and mine forever.’” Then David got up and departed, and Jonathan went back into the city.
• 1 Samuel 23:16
  And Jonathan Saul’s son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.And Saul’s son Jonathan came to David in Horesh and strengthened his hand in God,
• 1 Samuel 23:18
  And they two made a covenant before the Lord: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house.So the two of them made a covenant before the LORD. And David remained in Horesh, while Jonathan went home.
• 1 Samuel 31:2
  And the Philistines followed hard upon Saul and upon his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchi–shua, Saul’s sons.The Philistines followed hard after Saul and his sons, and they killed Saul’s sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua.

2 Samuel

• 2 Samuel 1:4
  And David said unto him, How went the matter? I pray thee, tell me. And he answered, That the people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.“What was the outcome?” David asked. “Please tell me.” “The troops fled from the battle,” he replied. “Many of them fell and died. And Saul and his son Jonathan are also dead.”
• 2 Samuel 1:5
  And David said unto the young man that told him, How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead?Then David asked the young man who had brought him the report, “How do you know that Saul and his son Jonathan are dead?”
• 2 Samuel 1:12
  And they mourned, and wept, and fasted until even, for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the Lord, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword.They mourned and wept and fasted until evening for Saul and his son Jonathan, and for the people of the LORD and the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword.
• 2 Samuel 1:17
  And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son:Then David took up this lament for Saul and his son Jonathan,
• 2 Samuel 1:22
  From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty.From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not retreat, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.
• 2 Samuel 1:23
  Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided: they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.Saul and Jonathan, beloved and delightful in life, were not divided in death. They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.
• 2 Samuel 1:25
  How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places.How the mighty have fallen in the thick of battle! Jonathan lies slain on your heights.
• 2 Samuel 1:26
  I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women.I grieve for you, Jonathan, my brother. You were delightful to me; your love to me was extraordinary, surpassing the love of women.
• 2 Samuel 4:4
  And Jonathan, Saul’s son, had a son that was lame of his feet. He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled: and it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame. And his name was Mephibosheth.And Jonathan son of Saul had a son who was lame in his feet. He was five years old when the report about Saul and Jonathan came from Jezreel. His nurse picked him up and fled, but as she was hurrying to escape, he fell and became lame. His name was Mephibosheth.
• 2 Samuel 9:1
  And David said, Is there yet any that is left of the house of Saul, that I may shew him kindness for Jonathan’s sake?Then David asked, “Is there anyone left from the house of Saul to whom I can show kindness for the sake of Jonathan?”
• 2 Samuel 9:3
  And the king said, Is there not yet any of the house of Saul, that I may shew the kindness of God unto him? And Ziba said unto the king, Jonathan hath yet a son, which is lame on his feet.So the king asked, “Is there anyone left of Saul’s family to whom I can show the kindness of God?” Ziba answered, “There is still Jonathan’s son, who is lame in both feet.”
• 2 Samuel 9:6
  Now when Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, was come unto David, he fell on his face, and did reverence. And David said, Mephibosheth. And he answered, Behold thy servant!And when Mephibosheth son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, came to David, he fell facedown in reverence. Then David said, “Mephibosheth!” “I am your servant,” he replied.
• 2 Samuel 9:7
  And David said unto him, Fear not: for I will surely shew thee kindness for Jonathan thy father’s sake, and will restore thee all the land of Saul thy father; and thou shalt eat bread at my table continually.“Do not be afraid,” said David, “for surely I will show you kindness for the sake of your father Jonathan. I will restore to you all the land of your grandfather Saul, and you will always eat at my table.”
• 2 Samuel 21:7
  But the king spared Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of the Lord’s oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul.Now the king spared Mephibosheth son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, because of the oath before the LORD between David and Jonathan son of Saul.
• 2 Samuel 21:12
  And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh–gilead, which had stolen them from the street of Beth–shan, where the Philistines had hanged them, when the Philistines had slain Saul in Gilboa:he went and took the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the public square of Beth-shan where the Philistines had hung the bodies after they had struck down Saul at Gilboa.
• 2 Samuel 21:13
  And he brought up from thence the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son; and they gathered the bones of them that were hanged.So David had the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan brought from there, along with the bones of those who had been hanged.
• 2 Samuel 21:14
  And the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son buried they in the country of Benjamin in Zelah, in the sepulchre of Kish his father: and they performed all that the king commanded. And after that God was intreated for the land.And they buried the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan in Zela in the land of Benjamin, in the tomb of Saul’s father Kish. After they had done everything the king had commanded, God answered their prayers for the land.

1 Chronicles

• 1 Chronicles 8:33
  And Ner begat Kish, and Kish begat Saul, and Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchi–shua, and Abinadab, and Esh–baal.Ner was the father of Kish, Kish was the father of Saul, and Saul was the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Esh-baal.
• 1 Chronicles 8:34
  And the son of Jonathan was Merib–baal; and Merib–baal begat Micah.The son of Jonathan: Merib-baal, and Merib-baal was the father of Micah.
• 1 Chronicles 9:39
  And Ner begat Kish; and Kish begat Saul; and Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchi–shua, and Abinadab, and Esh–baal.Ner was the father of Kish, Kish was the father of Saul, and Saul was the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Esh-baal.
• 1 Chronicles 9:40
  And the son of Jonathan was Merib–baal: and Merib–baal begat Micah.The son of Jonathan: Merib-baal, who was the father of Micah.
• 1 Chronicles 10:2
  And the Philistines followed hard after Saul, and after his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchi–shua, the sons of Saul.The Philistines followed hard after Saul and his sons, and they killed Saul’s sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua.

Notes

1. Names, family links and verses from STEPBible's Translators Individualised Proper Names (TIPNR), STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0.
2. Where several people share a name, which verses belong to which person, and the family links, follow STEPBible's identifications; some are uncertain and are marked so.